Manuscript submission
The manuscript must not have been published previously. It should not be under consideration for publication elsewhere. The publication must be approved by all co-authors, if any. The publisher will not be held legally responsible if a claim for compensation arises.
Permissions
Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or other illustrations already published elsewhere must obtain permission from copyright holders for both the print and online formats. Material received without copyright permissions will be assumed to originate from the author.
Manuscript (three mandatory files)
Make sure you submit all relevant editable source files. Three files are mandatory: title, abstract, text) for each submission and revision. Failure to submit a complete set of editable source files will result in your article not being considered. The files must be in common word processing formats such as .docx (microsoft word).
Any figures or illustrations are sent numbered and with illustration text in separate files.
The Title file must contain the following information:
- Title of article: concise and informative, in both Norwegian and English.
- Author information: name, highest academic degree (when and at which university), workplace/institutional affiliation, professional title, email address and ORCID ID (optional).
- Thanks to any contributors are written in a separate paragraph
Abstract
- A summary of 150 to 250 words.
- Keywords: Four to six keywords for indexing.
Text
- The length should not normally exceed 40,000 characters including spaces for scientific articles and 25,000 characters for professional articles. Longer articles must be clarified with the editors.
- Formatting: text is delivered in Word, standard font is used (preferably calibri body text), italics are used for emphasis.
- Only three heading levels are used: level 1: article title, level 2: main section, level 3: subsection. Sections should not be numbered.
- Abbreviations are explained the first time they are used and used consistently thereafter.
- Footnotes can be used to provide additional information, not for references. Footnotes are numbered consecutively.
- Dates are written like DD. month year: 15 March 2015.
- Reference styles: see below
- Tables are numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals and placed in the main text, where it should appear, with explanatory text. (Example: Table 1. Average age of people born in Lund parish 1800-1900).
- Placement of figures and illustrations is marked in the text with running number (Figure 1), illustration text (Lengdeprofil Dovrebanen) and file name (Figure 1.png).
Example: Figure 1. Longitudinal profile of the Dovrebanen. Figur1.png Example: Illustration 1. Dovrebanen. Photo: NSB/KF archive. Dovrebanen.jpg
Reference styles
Notes are written in text surrounded by brackets. A list of references (literature, sources etc.) is written at the end.
Note and reference format:
Article with 1 author:
Format note: (Author’s surname, year, page number)
Example: (Audunson, 2016, p. 20)
Format reference list: Author’s last name, A.A. (year). Article title. Journal title in italics, year (number), page number. + possible DOI https://doi.org/<doi number>. Example: Audunson, R. (2016). Public aquarium. Book and Library, 83(6), 20–21.
Article with 2 authors:
Format note: (First author’s surname & Second author’s surname, year, p. page number)
Example: (Odland & Færø, 2015, p. 58)
Format reference list: Author, A.A. & Author, B.B. (year). Article title. Journal title in italics, year (number), page number.
Example: Odland, A. M. & Færø, M. K. (2015). Healthy enough today? Parents & children, 39(10), 57-59.
Article with 3 or more authors:
Format note: (First author’s surname et al., year, p. page number)
Example: (Franzen et al., 2009, p. 17)
Format reference list (all authors are included): Author Surname, A. A., Author Surname, B. B., Author Surname, C. C., Author Surname, D. D., Author Surname, E. E. & Author Surname, F. F. (year). Article title. Journal title in italics, year (number), page number.
Example: Howard, J., Bingener, C. & Howard, T. C. (2021). Essential strategies for inclusive teaching. Educational Leadership, 79(4), 38-43.
Newspaper article:
Format note: (Author’s surname, year)
Example: (Skjeggestad, 2018)
Format reference list: Author’s last name, A.A. (year, date). Title. Newspaper title in italics, page number.
Example: Skjeggestad, H. (2018, 14 May). Give teachers the responsibility they so desperately want. Aftenposten, Comment, p. 3.
Book from an institution or organization without authors:
Format note: (Organization [abbreviation if applicable], year, page number)
Example: (Norwegian University of Science and Technology [NTNU], 2018, p. 12)
Note: Later in the text, the following format can be used: (Abbreviation, year), example: (NTNU, 2018).
Format reference list: Organization. (year). Title in italics. Publisher/URL
Example: The Norwegian University of Science and Technology. (2018). Knowledge for a better world: NTNU strategy 2018-2025. https://www.ntnu.no/ntnus-strategi/overordnet-mal
Book with 1 author:
Format note: (Author’s surname, year, page number)
Example: (Repstad, 2014, p. 53)
Format reference list: Author. (year). Title: Subtitle in italics (ed.). Publishers.
Example: Repstad, P. (2014). Sociological perspectives for health and social workers (3rd ed.). The university publishing house.
Book with 2 authors:
Format note: (First author’s surname & Second author’s surname (both authors are mentioned each time), year, page number)
Example: (Nielsen & Thon, 2008, p. 44)
Format reference list: Author, A. A. & Author, B. B. (year). Title in italics (ed.). Publishers.
Example: Nielsen, M. B. O. & Thon, J. (2008). Wergelandenes Kristiansand: City guide. The Wergeland company.
Book with 3 or more authors:
Format note: (First author’s surname et al., year, p. page number)
Example: (Fasting et al., 2011, p. 42)
Format reference list: Author last name, A. A., Author last name, B. B. … & Author last name, T. T. (year). Title in italics (ed.). Publishers.
Example: Fasting, M., Doksheim, M. & Vatnøy, E. (2011). Norwegian welfare. Civita.
Book with editor:
Format note: (Editor, year, page number)
Example: (Tønessen, 2010, p. 52)
Format reference list: Editor’s surname, A. A. (Ed.). (year). Title in italics (ed.). Publishers.
Example: Tønnessen, E. S. (Ed.). (2010). Composite texts: Children’s text practice. The university publishing house.
Chapter in book with editor:
Format note: (Chapter author’s surname, year, page number)
Example: (Søjbjerg, 2016, p. 215)
Format reference list: Chapter author’s surname, A. A. (Year). Chapter title: Subtitle. In A. A. Editor’s name (Ed.), Book title: Subtitle in italics (edition, volume, chapter’s page span). Publishers.
Example: Søjbjerg, I. L. (2016). The nurse’s function and responsibility when treating children born with heart defects. In D. G. Stubberud (Ed.), Nursing care for people with heart disease (pp. 206-229). Cappelen Damm Academic.
Multivolume work:
Format note: (Author’s surname, year)
Example: (Alnæs, 2004–2007)
Single volume with and without individual title: Format note: (Author’s surname, year, page number)
Example: (Alnæs, 2004, p. 24)
Format reference list: Complete multi-volume work: Author(s) surname, A. A. (start year-end year, possibly only one year if published at the same time). Title: Subtitle in italics (edition, Number of volumes). Publishers.
Example: Alnæs, K. (2004–2007). The history of Europe (Vols. 1–4). The Norwegian Book Club.
Format reference list: Single volume with individual title: Format: Author(s) surname, A. A. (year). Title of the entire work: Vol. Title of single volume all in italics. Publishers.
Example: Alnæs, K. (2004). The History of Europe: Vol. 1. Awakening. The Norwegian Book Club.
Format reference list: Single volume without individual title: Author(s). (Ed.). (year). Title in italics (volume). Publishers.
Example: Kristoffersen, N. J., Nortvedt, F. & Skaug, E.-A. (Ed.). (2005). Basic nursing (Vol. 1). Gylden Valley.
Doctoral thesis, master’s or bachelor’s thesis
Format note: (Author’s surname, year, page number)
Example: (Listhaug, 2015, p. 32)
Format reference list: Author’s surname, A. A. (date of publication). Title: Subtitle in italics [Doctoral thesis/Master’s thesis/Bachelor’s thesis]. Institution.
Example: Listhaug, K. F. (2015). Spatial prepositions and second language acquisition: The acquisition of spatial prepositions in French by native speakers of Norwegian [PhD thesis]. The Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
From the internet:
Format reference list: Author(s) surname. (time of publication). Title: Subtitle in italics [Doctoral thesis/Master’s thesis/Bachelor’s thesis, Institution possibly Country]. The name of the site. https://url
Example: Jerpseth, H. (2017). Older patients with late-stage COPD: Care and clinical decision-making: A qualitative study with perspectives of patients, nurses and physicians [PhD thesis, University of Oslo]. DUO Science Archive. http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-58501
Archival sources:
Format note: (Archival repository abbreviated, Repository signature/archival signature/series signature/serial number for the archival item/document date)
Example: (RA/EA-2870/Be/L0010).
Example with date: (RA/EA-2870/Be/L0010/letter 24 February 1724)
Example with page: (RA/EA-2870/Be/L0010/p. 45)
Format reference list: Archival repository (abbreviation), Archival repositoryRA name/Repository signature/archive signature/series signature/piece sequence number: name of the piece of the archive year.
Example: RA, Riksarkivet (RA), Governor’s office 1572–1771/RA/EA-2870/Be/L0010: General copy book 1735–1736.